Platos Philosophy of Education Its Implication for Current Education - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2033 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2019/06/19 Category Education Essay Level High school Topics: Philosophy Of Education Essay Did you like this example? Abstract To conceive the ideal city and individual, we would need to have the ideal education. Education gives us a knowledge of the world around us and changes it into something better. It develops in us a perspective of looking at life. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Platos Philosophy of Education: Its Implication for Current Education" essay for you Create order It helps us build opinions and have points of view on things in life. The current education faces a lot of challenges and we would not be well-balanced individuals without an ideal education. Therefore, having a proper education is important to keep the components balanced. This research shows the philosophy of Plato implication for current education. Keywords: Education, Plato, The Republic Exploring Education in The Republic and the modern world Introduction Plato believes that education is a means of achieving justice, including individual justice and social justice. According to Plato, when each individual dedicates the most of their abilities, they can gain personal justice. In this sense, justice means excellence, which means virtue for the Greeks and Plato. Socrates believes that virtue is knowledge and it must be fair. Plato concludes that virtue can be obtained through three stages of knowledge development: knowledge of ones own job, self-knowledge, and knowledge of the Idea of the Good. According to Plato in The Republic, social justice can be achieved when all social classes in a society, workers, warriors, and rulers are in a harmonious relationship. In the Republic, all people can easily remain in harmony when the society gives them equal educational opportunity from an early age to compete fairly one and each other. An unfair society will emerge without equal educational opportunity. Under this circumstances, it will lead to timocracy, oligarchy, defective democracy, or tyranny. Modern education in western countries has greatly contributed to developing their societies in economic terms. Nevertheless, education in those countries has its own problems. In particular the college entrance examination in China, Korea and other East Asian countries caused serious social injustices and problems: unequal educational opportunity, lack of character education, financial burden on parents, and so on. Therefore, to achieve justice, modern world needs Plato theory education as Platos educational philosophy will provide a comprehensive vision to solve these problems in education. There is also some controversy about the relationship between education and the economy. Enterprises should indirectly control and even take over education in order to compete economically with other countries. However, Plato disagrees with this view because business is primarily concerned with profit, while true education focuses on the common interests of rational principles based on individual and social justice. Women Education First, everything always begins with man and ends with man, include education. This is a patriarchal world since ancient times. Man is the center of education, just like the sun is the center of the solar system. However, the Republic of Plato emphases on women education. Plato considers the same education for both man and woman. Women should get the same physical and educational training. The main aim of Plato was that each member of the society should undertakes his or her work and responsibility. Plato believed that women and men are equal although some women are physically smaller or weak. Therefore, those women who are physically strong should be allowed to receive the same education that men do. In the Republic, Plato describes how male and female receive the same education and be given the same duties in society as given to the male member. Here is the proof of Plato’s ideas in women education. According to the U.S statistics it shows that women have high rating in education. Women who graduate with a bachelors degree achieved 23.7 percent and men achieved 27.5 percent. This proves that women in general are able to do as well as men even in academics and thus have the right to be treated with equality. Unfortunately, education access is still unequal in many countries across the world, where women are often denied access. Although there has been notable progress in women’ education around the world, research shows that millions of girls are still unable to receive education. In 2013, UNESCO estimated that 31 million girls of primary school age and a further 32 million of lower secondary school age did not access school. The situation is worse in developing countries such as those in Sub-Saharan and South and West Asia. Women deserve to have a quality education in order for them to prove their worth in society, to maximize their potential and to develop their talents to be an important contributor to mankind and to have a productive and peaceful life in the community. Accourding to Plato, a country‘s success depends on the equality of education. Plato holds that, to protect and maintain the new city, both men and women should receive the same education. â€Å"The fastest way to change society is to mobilize the women of the world.† Lebanese academic and Philosopher Charles Malikleo said. The Arts Platos educational proposals is aimed at promoting this sort of society for citizens and protecting themselves from all threats foreign and domestic. For this reason, he says that the most important courses for young children are gymnastics and music. Physical training is to lead to overall health, and in particular to fitness for military service. Therefore, Plato says that all athletic competition and training must be in realistic armor, and must focus on martial skills such as archery, riding, running, throwing javelin and so on. Besides that, he also includes dancing in physical education, seeking here to teach grace and agility of movement. Furthermore, as he says earlier, dancing is an essential element in the chorus, which is essential as a religious and communal activity. A good soul produces a good body, and that a healthy intellect ensures a healthy body. Therefore, by eating and drinking moderately and undertaking a simple physical exercise plan from youth, the body will be as fit as is needed. Gymnastics is mainly responsible for preventing illness and the need for medicine in the city. Plato may never have devoted a dialogue to music, but music suffused his entire work. Music, include singing is important for mental training, just as physical culture is essential for bodily training. Music trains the people to be patient and skill, and it trains the character by its stirring rhythms as much as by its words: valorous songs to encourage bravery, hymns to foster piety, gentle songs to promote caring and mutual support. While choral singing in particular honors the gods and brings community members together in harmony. Therefore, Plato considered choral singing so important that he suggested it should be mandatory for all citizens from childhood through old age. In the anthropological dimension, the body is confronted with the soul, the latter being educated by music, the former by gymnastics, thus taking as the basis of body education the principles of harmony, rhythm, i.e., of order, from musical education. The word ‘music’ should not, however, be understood in its current sense, as in The Republic it represents the totality of the formative means for the soul, translatable into notions such as harmony, melody, rhythm, order, measure, and number, which form the beautiful education. In this modern society, people often neglect music and gymnastics in order to finish the homework. We can see that the teachers cancel music and gymnastics class for the preparation of college entrance exam. Under this situation, the teenagers did not receive the education of music and gymnastics that he supposed to know. Clearly, we are never going to adopt the legal system Plato advocates, where music is regulated by the state and only government approved tunes, rhythms and lyrics are allowed. Plato believed that music has an influence on the soul. By making it compulsory to learn music, peoples soul can be good and just. Learning music is not a goal in itself, however, but a means of attaining goodness, and it should be combined with gymnastics. What we need to learn is Platos knowledge of music and gymnastics, which can help us better understand why we need to learn. The implementation of music and gymnastics education depends on different countries. Teaching Methods Plato recommended play method at elementary level. He encourages that student should learn by doing. When student reached the higher level of education, his reason would be trained in the processes of thinking and abstracting. We can see that Plato wants motivation and interest in learning. He is against the use of force in education. Plato writes in the Republic â€Å"Bodily exercise, when compulsory, does no harm to the body, but knowledge which is acquired under compulsion obtains no hold on the mind† and â€Å"The most effective kind of education is that a child should play amongst lovely things.† Plato gives importance to nursery education. According to Plato, nursery education plays a vital role in the education of people which will affect the whole life. It helps to build his moral character and state of mind. Plato writes that The most important part of education is proper training in the nursery. Plato describes the different stages of his education in the Republic. According to Plato, childrens education should be start at the age of seven. Before this stage, children should stay with their mothers or elders and learn moral education. After the age of six years both girls and boys should be separated. Under this situation, boys should play with boys and girls can only play with girls. Besides that, they should be taught the use of different arms to both sexes. This stage goes up to the age of seventeen years. During these years, music and early education for them is mandatory. After the age of seventeen years, the youth should be brought to battle filed to learn real life experiences. The four stages start at the age of twenty five to thirty years. In this age, they get the training of Mathematical calculation and last for another ten years, after the completion the selected one’s are admitted in the study of dialect. During fifth stage they study dialect for another five years and after that, at the sixth stage one is ready to become a ruler and philosopher and the one enter in practical life. The Chinese saying Three years old fixes eighty () means roughly: From the character and personality traits revealed by a three year old, one can infer that he will have similar traits as an eighty year old. As the childs brain development has been completed 80% at zero to three years old, and 90% at the age of six. After the age of three, the way children talk, the way of personality has been formed. Children from zero to three years old can understand, feel, but not express. This stage is the process of absorption and accumulation of wisdom. What education gives to children, what they absorb. In our society, we can see that the parents really give importance to the early education of their children. They don’t want to lose at the starting line so they put a lot of time and money for finding the best education for their children. Besides that, most of the children under pressure of learning as parents force them to learn some skills such as piano, violin, sketch and others since their childhood. According to Socrates, he encourages playing methods for a child and discipline methods for a teenagers. Study under pressure may leads to physical problem. Every parents should consider to find a suitable method for their children. Conclusion The certain world is complicated as people don’t care about education too much. Win at the starting point is more important for them as they can reach their goals in the college entrance exam. However, this is not the Republic of Plato. Platos philosophy of education aims at preparing learners for future life. The college entrance exam or a payable job will not be the only future life. The aim of education is to enable a person to acquire the knowledge of this cause of the causes, the absolute good. Education prepares a man for the vision of absolute reality. That is the reason that education right from the beginning is a preparation for the future.

Ethical Issues on the Treatment of Animals Essay - 722 Words

Animals have always played an essential role in many aspects of this world. Some people look upon these roles with favoritism, some with disgust. Animals are considered different from humans by some people because of their behavior, mannerisms or actions. Some animals are used as food by humans and other animals, while others are trapped for their furs. Many times people acquire animals for pets, only to neglect or mistreat them. For many years, the ethical treatment of animals has been a very controversial topic for moral discussion, often in reference to an ethical code or rule. In this paper, I will discuss these ethical issues identified with the treatment of animals as well as exploring these issues from a virtual ethicist’s†¦show more content†¦From a religious aspect, God also puts the fear of man into the animals and again animals are used to fill the needs of men (Genesis 9:1). A virtual ethicist’s perspective is fairly simple to relate to. Our text book clarifies that â€Å"virtue ethics promotes a particular kind of person—a virtuous or noble person—who provides a role model for those who wishes to be moral† (Mosser, 2011). Therefore, relationship with animals, from a virtue ethicist’s standpoint, would support virtuous or moral values. As a virtuous person, a choice could be to abstain from eating animals and from wearing fur or, perhaps, keeping a low environmental impact lifestyle. An advantage of virtue ethics is that it brings in all the qualities of being human such as reason, responsibility and emotion to influence a person’s ethical consideration. This can be applied in situations where a person asks what sort of person he or she should be. However, our text book clarifies that â€Å"determining what the specific virtues are, and what the appropriate balance among those virtues should be, can be difficult† (Mosser, 2011). Are peoples statements about animal rights meaningful? 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Superstition and Daily Life Dealings Free Essays

What does the word superstition mean to you? We really find it difficult to define it. According to one simple definition, feelings or believes involving fear of some unseen forces is called superstition. For example, if a person believes that by wearing some kind of charm he will be protected from evil spirits and bad luck and without wearing It he will be under the influence of some unseen forces and also he will have bad luck. We will write a custom essay sample on Superstition and Daily Life Dealings or any similar topic only for you Order Now This kind of feelings or believes which involve fear of unseen forces, which can’t be proved, is called superstition and those people ho have such kind of believes are known as superstitious people. This kind of people believes in signs and numbers of good luck and bad luck and their whole live are greatly affected by these signs and numbers. How did Superstitions Begin? It is almost impossible to say that when people started believing in signs and numbers because there are many things all of us believe in that can’t be proved. At certain times In man’s history, and even today, everyone believed In certain things that now we regard as superstitions. At that time science was not as much developed as today, so those things and events which wondered and righted people at that time. They started believing In them and became superstitious. For instance, when they went under the trees at night time, they felt uncomfortable breathing. As they didn’t know any authentic reason behind this fact so they started beveling that to go under trees at night time Invites the anger of Ghost which makes their breathing uncomfortable in order to harm them. But, today we all know that trees absorb oxygen at night time and the deficiency of oxygen under trees at night makes our breathing uncomfortable Instead of Ghost. Similarly they believed that the shadow or reflection of a person is a part of soul. So, to break those things on which this shadow appeared was regarded as to harm the soul. So they considered it unlucky to break a mirror. Today If someone considers it unlucky to break mirror or believes that to go under the trees at night invites the anger of Ghost, we will definitely call him superstitious because today we no longer believe in these kind of â€Å"foolish† reasons which long time ago people believed. So superstition is actually a belief or practice that people cling to after new knowledge or facts have appeared to disprove them. That’s why it is impossible to say hen superstitions began. Some Familiar Superstitions: We can find superstitious people almost in every society, every country and In every religion although less in numbers than past. In past people TLD know about sun, stars, moon, and comets etc. So they made up explanations about their motion and followed certain practices to protect themselves from the influence of their motion on life. This is very common even today and become a commercial under the name of â€Å"Horoscope†. If a black cat crosses the way of a person, then that is considered as unlucky for that person. Another superstition which is very common in Europe and America Is â€Å"Friday The 13th†. When a Friday guests are expected. Some people wear stone made rings and believe that when bad luck is ahead , these stones change their color or they break down. Some people wear amulet and believe that this will protect from evil spirits. Some believe that if owls live in a house then that house will be ruined. Many people have their lucky numbers and they believe in them. There are many other superstitions which seem to be Joyful and Joke for us but they change the entire lives of those who believe in them. How to avoid Superstition? Superstitious people live their lives under the influence of unseen forces and fear. They cannot live a normal life. They are extra-careful in their daily life dealings. To keep yourselves away from these kind of feelings and believe Just believe in God Almighty, Who decided the fortune of man before man’s birth. So nothing can influence your lives. Superstitions are strictly denied in Islam. In any trouble, pay attentions towards Allah Almighty and seek His help. Find the genuine and scientific reasons behind the facts (instead of believing their influence or power as superstitious people do) and enjoy the life. How to cite Superstition and Daily Life Dealings, Essays

Morning in Nagrebcan free essay sample

Download this Document for Free him with his fists. He accompaniedevery blowwith a curse. I hope you die, youlittledemon,he said between sobs, forhewas crying and he could hardly see. Ambowriggled and struggled and tried tobite Baldos legs. Failing,he buriedhis face inthe sand and howled lustily. Baldo nowleft him and ran tothe black-spottedpuppy which he caughtup in his arms, holdingitagainsthis throat. Ambo followed, crying out threatsand curses. He grabbedthe tailofthe puppyand jerked hard.The puppy howled shrilly and Baldo let it go,but Ambo kept hold ofthe tail as the dogfell tothe ground. Itturnedaroundand snappedat the hand holding itstail. Its sharp little teeth sank into the fleshy edge of Ambos palm. With a cry, Ambo snatchedaway his handfrom the mouth ofthe enragedpuppy. Atthat moment the windowofthe house facing the streetwas pushedviolentlyopen and the boys father,Tang Ciaco, looked out. He saw the blood fromthe toothmarksonAmbos hand. He called out inarticulatelyand the twobrotherslookedup in surpriseand fear. Ambohid his bittenhandbehindhim. Baldo stoppedtopick upthe black-spottedpuppy,butTang Ciaco shoutedhoarselytohim not to touch the dog. AtTang Ciacos angry voice, the puppy had crouched back snarling,its pink lips drawn back, the hair onits back rising. The doghas gone mad,the man cried,coming downhurriedly. Bythe stove in the kitchen,he stoppedto get a sizeablepieceoffirewood,throwing an angry look and a curseatNana Elang forlettingher sons play with the dogs. He removedasplinterortwo,then hurrieddownthe ladder, cursingin aloud angry voice.Nana Elang ran tothe doorway and stood there silently fingering herskirt. Baldo and Ambo awaited the coming oftheir fatherwith fear written ontheir faces. Baldohated hisfather asmuch ashefearedhim. He watchedhim nowwith half amind toflee asTang Ciaco approachedwith the pieceoffirewood held firmly in one hand. He a big, gauntman with thick bonywrists andstoopshoulders. Ashort-sleevedcotton shirt revealedhis sinewy arms onwhich the blood-vesselsstood outlike roots. His short pantsshowed his bony-kneed,hard-muscledlegs covered with blackhair. He was acarpenter.He had come homedrunkthenight before. He was not an habitualdrunkard,but nowandthenhe drank great quantitiesofbasi and came home and beat his wifeand children. ~-,,, __ ,. Hewould blame them fortheirhard life and poverty. Youare aprostitute, ~_ he wo~ldr6arat his wife, and as he beat his children,he would shout,I -~. . - will kill you both, you bastards. IfNana Elang venturedto remonstrate, he would beat them harderand curse her forbeing an interferingwhore. I am king in my house,he would say. Nowas he approachedthe two,Ambo coweredbehindhis elder brother.Heheld ontoBaldosundershirt,keeping hiswounded hand at his back,unabletoremove his gazefromhis fathersclose-set,red-specked eyes. The puppy with ayelp slunk between Baldos legs. Baldo looked at the dog, avoidinghis fatherseyes. TangCiaco roaredat them to get away from the dog: Fools! Dont yousee it ismad? Baldo laid ahand onAmbo as they movedback hastily. He wantedto tell his fatherit was not true,thedog was not mad, itwas all Ambos fault,but his tongue refusedtomove. The puppy attemptedto follow them,butTang Ciaco caughtit with a sweepingblow ofthe pieceoffirewood. The puppy wasflung into the air. It rolledover once beforeitfell, howling weakly. Again thechunkoffirewood descended,Tang Ciaco gruntingwith the efforthe put into the blow,and thepuppyceasedtohowl. It lay on its side, feebly moving its jaws from which darkblood oozed. Once moreTang Ciaco raisedhis arm, but Baldo suddenlyclungtoitwith both handsand beggedhim tostop. Enough,father,enough. Dont beat itanymore,he entreated. Tears flowed down his upraisedface. TangCiaco shook him offwith an oath. Baldo fell on his face in the dust. He did notrise, but cried and sobbed and tore his hair.The rays of the risingsun fell brightlyupon him, turnedtogold the dustthat he raised withhiskicking feet. TangCiaco dealt the batteredpuppy anotherblowand at last itlay limpy still. He kickedit over and watchedfor a sign oflife. The puppy did not movewhere it lay twistedon its side. He turnedhis attentionto Baldo. Get up, he said, hoarsely, pushingthe boywith his foot. Baldo was deaf. He went on crying and kickingin the dust. Tang Ciaco struckhim with the pieceofwoodin his handand againtold him toget up. Baldo writhedand cried harder,claspinghis handsover the backofhis head. Tang Ciaco took hold ofone ofthe boys arms and jerkedhim tohis feet. Then he began tobeat him, regardlessofwhere ~,~. the blows fell. ~. .~do encircledhis head with his loose arm and strovetofree  ·~ ·-. hifil8elf,running aroundhisfather,plunging backward, ducking and twisting. Shamelesssonofawhore,Tang Ciacoroared. Stand still, Ill teachyou toobey me. He shortenedhis grip on the arm ofBaldo and laid on his blows. Baldo fell tohis knees,screamingformercy. He called onhis mother tohelp him. NanaElangcame down, but she hesitatedat the footofthe ladder.Ambo rantoher. Youtoo,Tang Ciaco cried,and struckat the fleeing Ambo. The pieceoffirewood caught him behindthe kneesand he fell on his face. Nana Elang ran tothe fallen boyand pickedhim up, brushing his clotheswith her handstoshake offthe dust. TangCiaco pushedBaldo toward her. The boytotteredforward weakly, dazedand trembling. He had ceasedtocry aloud,but he shook with hard,spasmodicsobs which he tried vainly tostop. Heretake yourchild,Tang Ciacosaid, thickly. He faced the curiousstudentsand neighborswhohad gatheredby the sideofthe road. He yelledat them togoaway.He said itwas none of their businessifhe killed his children. They are mine,he shouted. I feed them and Ican do anything Ilike with them. The studentsran hastilytoschool. The neighborsreturnedtotheir work. TangCiaco went tothe house,cursingin aloud voice. Passingthe deadpuppy, he pickeditup byits hind legs and flung it away. The black and whitebody soaredthroughthe sunlitair; fell among the tall corn behindthehouse. Tang Ciaco, still cursingandgrumbling,strode upstairs. He threw the chunkoffirewood besidethe stove. He squatted bythe lowtableand began eating the breakfasthis wifehad preparedfor him.